Are There Alternatives to Injection
Author contributions SY: Writingoriginal draft
While individually beneficial, research has shown that the combination creates enhanced effects on blood flow / vasodilation, nitric oxide production, and body composition better than either ingredient can achieve alone
When GHK binds to copper (Cu) ions, it forms a biologically active copper-peptide complex commonly investigated for its role in cellular communication and physiological-maintenance mechanisms
While the Fe-S cluster is critical for activity, its role for the reaction mechanism remains unclear ( in vitro using glutathione disulfide (GSSG) or in vivo in response to ozone and paraquat, and inactivated upon reduction ( Four APK proteins exist in Arabidopsis, APK1, 2, and 4 locate in plastids whereas APK3 is in the cytosol (Mugford et al., 2009)
A doctor or dermatologist should be consulted before deciding whether to administer glutathione as a pill or an injection